Momordica charantia is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in tropical regions of Asia, East Africa, and South America. M. charantia is commonly called bitter melon or bitter gourd and has been used in folk medicine in many countries for a long time. In oriental herbal medicine, it has been used for treating dysmenorrhea, eczema, jaundice, and leprosy and is well-known for its significant anti-diabetic activity. The fruit is rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. M. charantia shows high anti-oxidant properties due to phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinones, and glucosinolates, all of which confer a bitter taste. The main constituents of bitter melon responsible for anti-diabetic effects are triterpenes, proteins, steroids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. Many scientific studies demonstrated the pharmacological properties of bitter melon, which are anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-adipogenic.