Paeonia albiflora is a synonym of the accepted name P. lactiflora. It is an attractive large flowered perennial plant in the Paeoniaceae family. Although native to Central and Eastern Asia, due to their desirability as garden plants, they are now widely cultivated globally. In China, Korea, and Japan, a decoction of the dried root has been used for thousands of years to treat the inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, system lupus erythematosus, and hepatitis, and in treating fever, muscle spasms, and cramps. Paeoniflorin is the most common constituent and is largely responsible for exerting positive actions on the above conditions. The anti-inflammatory actions by paeoniflorin from the Paeonia lactiflora, which is a synonym of Paeonia albiflora, are thought to be brought about by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and nitric oxide by balancing the function of TH1 and TH2 cells. In addition to its anti-inflammatory actions, paeoniflorin, coupled with another constituent, paeonol, also indicated significant anti-allergic properties.